Does PLD assess fluency in Foundation?

PLD does not screen reading fluency in Foundation.

“The achievement of oral fluency marks an important point in a students’ reading journey. It reinforces the relationship between learning to read and reading to learn.” Konza (2011, pg.6)



  • Students in Foundation are typically not usually fluent readers because reading is typically slow and characterized by LOTS of decoding.
  • That is normal.
  • But, decoding should be reducing as the year progresses, with whole word reading and faster readign emerging.


Fluency should start to emerge in Year 1
  • From Year 1, students' reading fluency can be ascertained by calculating the words correct per minute as is explained on Page 20 of the Year 1 & 2 Screening & Tracking Manual.
  • By the end of year 1, Konza (2012) suggests students should be achieving 60 words correct per minute.


Calculating Words Correct Per Minute

Updated on: 15/11/2022

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